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, Nora Sheehan Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA Division of Translational Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Deepthi Bannai Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA Division of Translational Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Steven M Silverstein Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Paulo Lizano Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA Division of Translational Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA To whom correspondence should be addressed; 75 Fenwood Road, Room 612, Boston, MA 02115, USA; tel: +1-617-754-1227, fax:617 667 5575,e-mail: plizano@bidmc.harvard.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0699-0960 Schizophrenia Bulletin, sbae102, https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbae102
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02 July 2024
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Nora Sheehan, Deepthi Bannai, Steven M Silverstein, Paulo Lizano, Neuroretinal Alterations in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: An Updated Meta-analysis, Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2024;, sbae102, https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbae102
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Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by major symptomatic, cognitive, and neuroanatomical changes. Recent studies have used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate retinal changes in SZ and BD, but their unique and shared changes require further evaluation. Articles were identified using PubMed and Google Scholar. 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. Diagnostic groups were proband (SZ/BD combined), SZ, BD, and healthy control (HC) eyes. Meta-analyses utilized fixed and random effects models when appropriate, and publication bias was corrected using trim-and-fill analysis (“meta” package in R). Results are reported as standardized mean differences with 95% CIs. Data from 3145 patient eyes (1956 SZ, 1189 BD) and 3135 HC eyes were included. Studies identified thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL, overall and in 2 subregions), m-Retina (overall and all subregions), mGCL-IPL, mIPL, and mRPE in SZ patients. BD showed thinning of the pRNFL (overall and in each subregion), pGCC, and macular Retina (in 5 subregions), but no changes in thickness or volume for the total retina. Neither SZ nor BD patients demonstrated significant changes in the fovea, mRNFL, mGCL, mGCC, mINL, mOPL, mONL, or choroid thicknesses. Moderating effects of age, illness duration, and smoking on retinal structures were identified. This meta-analysis builds upon previous literature in this field by incorporating recent OCT studies and examining both peripapillary and macular retinal regions with respect to psychotic disorders. Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrated both peripapillary and macular structural retinal abnormalities in people with SZ or BD compared with HCs.
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, retinal imaging, peripapillary, macula
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.
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